Paths academic scientists take to entrepreneurship: Disaggregating direct and indirect influences

Based on information from a large sample of German researchers and using business ownership nascent entrepreneurship as alternative indicators academic entrepreneurship, we use mediation analysis to analyze the direct effects researchers' attitudes, age, gender, citizenship well related indirect influences. Industrial cooperation, industry consulting, patenting are used mediator variables. Focusing first overall drivers results show differences in entrepreneurship. With regard find positive significant effects; they negative for females; citizens. The identification channels influence is main contribution this work.